22nd Dynasty (945 - 712 BC) Not long after 950 BC the Pharaonic sway passed into the hands of a family of alien race. Their earliest rulers styled themselves 'chiefs of the Meshwesh', often abbreviated into 'chiefs of the Ma', but sometimes paraphrased as 'chiefs of foreigners'.
They were evidently closely related to those Libyans whom Merenptah and Ramesses III had repelled with such difficulty. But they are not to be regarded as fresh invaders. The most plausible theory is that they were the descendants of captured prisoners or voluntary settlers who, like the Sherden, had been granted land of their own on condition of their obligation to military service. |
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Read more... [Third Intermediate Period - Part II]
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21st Dynasty (1070 - 945 BC) Throughout the eleventh and following centuries before our era, the essential duality of the land of the Pharaohs found novel and unexpected expression. The initial stage could not have been better characterized than was done by the ill-starred envoy Wenamun. Egypt was now governed from two separate capitals, Thebes in the south and Tanis in the north. |
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Read more... [Third Intermediate Period - Part I]
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20th Dynasty (1186 - 1069 BC) Manetho has no more to tell us about Dyn. XX than that it consisted of twelve kings of Diospolis (Thebes), who reigned according to Africanus for 135 years and for 178 according to Eusebius. Nevertheless, it was a period of stirring events and at least one mighty Pharaoh. Also, a number of lengthy and highly informative writings have survived. |
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Read more... [New Kingdom - Part III]
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19th Dynasty (1295 - 1186 BC) After the recovery from the religious revolution, Egypt was a changed world. It is not easy to define the exact nature of the changes, since there are many exceptions. Yet, it is impossible not to notice the marked deterioration of the art, the literature, and indeed the general culture of the people.
The language which they wrote approximates more closely to the vernacular and incorporates many foreign words. The copies of ancient texts are incredibly careless, as if the scribes utterly failed to understand their meaning. |
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Read more... [New Kingdom - Part II]
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18th Dynasty (1539 - 1295 BC) Details of the fall of Avaris are given in an inscription engraved on the wall of a tomb at El-Kab belonging to a warrior named 'Ahmose, Son of Abana.' Early in life this person replaced his father Baba, who had served under Sekenenre'.
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Read more... [New Kingdom - Part I]
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Ancient Egypt History 
